What is a solute in a solution?

A solute in a solution is defined as the component that is dissolved in the solvent. In most cases, a solution consists of a solvent (usually a liquid) and one or more solutes (the substances that dissolve). For instance, when table salt is added to water, salt acts as the solute, and water is the solvent. The solute is typically present in a lesser amount compared to the solvent.

Understanding this concept is crucial because it helps in distinguishing between the different components of a solution, which is foundational in chemistry. Knowing that the solute is what dissolves expands comprehension of reactions and interactions in solutions, aiding in applications across various fields like biology, medicine, and environmental science.

The other options describe related terms but do not accurately define a solute. The solvent is the medium in which the solute dissolves, while a mixture refers to the overall combination of substances. Solid residues post-evaporation relate to separating components, which does not pertain to the definition of a solute.