What does entropy measure in a thermodynamic process?

Entropy is a concept that quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, it specifically measures the spontaneous dispersal of energy within that system and the natural tendency for systems to move toward a state of greater disorder over time. The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can only increase or remain the same; it will never decrease. This reflects the idea that energy tends to spread out and disperse, leading to increased entropy.

When energy is dispersed, it often results in a more chaotic arrangement of particles, which aligns with the concept of entropy. Therefore, the measure of entropy is directly linked to how energy becomes distributed within a system, highlighting the natural progression toward equilibrium and disorder. This understanding is essential in various disciplines such as chemistry, physics, and engineering, as it affects reaction spontaneity and the behavior of systems in thermal equilibrium.