According to the kinetic-molecular theory, how do particles behave in solids?

The kinetic-molecular theory describes the behavior of particles in different states of matter. In solids, particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement. While they do possess energy, which allows them to vibrate, they remain in their fixed positions relative to each other. This vibration is minimal compared to the movement seen in liquids and gases, where particles move more freely.

In solids, the strong intermolecular forces keep the particles in place, preventing them from flowing freely or scattering. The fixed arrangement of particles and the limitation on their movement contribute to the definite shape and volume of solids. Therefore, the characteristic behavior of particles in solids is accurately described by stating that they vibrate but retain their fixed positions. This understanding aligns well with the foundational principles of kinetic-molecular theory and provides insight into the distinct properties of solids compared to other states of matter.